Women, especially those who have been associated with armed groups, have essential roles to play in DDR processes, yet they are frequently excluded from the planning and implementation of these processes. Women ex-combatants, in particular, often make up very small numbers of the forces to be demobilized and are de-prioritized because they usually do not represent the same level of threat as male ex-fighters. They are frequently demobilized in countries where institutions are not only severely incapacitated by war but also have a history of excluding women. Even if there is a commitment to achieving gender equality in the peacebuilding period, countries newly emerging from armed conflict suffer from a lack of capacity in Demobilization Commissions, Ministries and other government organs, not to mention a scarcity of funds earmarked for the support of women ex-combatants as a special group. As a result, the needs of these women are inadequately addressed in the demobilization phase and sustainable support for their successful reintegration is lacking.
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