The signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) on 9 January 2005 marked the formal conclusion of the civil war between the Sudanese Government (based in Khartoum) and the southern-based Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A). According to the CPA, in 2011, after a six-year Interim Period following the peace agreement, “there shall be an internationally monitored referendum … for the people of South Sudan to confirm the unity of the Sudan by voting to adopt the system of government established under the Peace Agreement; or to vote for secession” (Ch. I, Para 2.5).
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